Working Principle of Isolation Transformers

An isolation transformer is a transformer used to transfer electrical power from a source of alternating current (AC) power to some equipment or device while isolating the powered device from the power source.In some cases (Delta-Wye connection) isolation transformers keep harmonic currents generated by loads from getting upstream the transformer.

Main Functional Features of Isolation Transformers:

• Removes stresses which come from common electrical transients.
• Effectively counter power line problems like Spikes and Noise.
• Meet rigorous clean power needs of the sophisticated or sensitive equipment's.
• Protect CNC Machines, Computers and Telecommunication equipment's from damage owing to electrical noises, spikes etc.
• If ground of the devices cannot be earthed.
• To Protect against impulse noise, bus short-circuit, strong lightening, accidental discharge of capacitors

Isolation Transformers are Used to:

• Protect users from faulty equipment
• Enable safe and accurate measurements
• Avoid ground loops
• Physically separate one part of an electrical system from another
• To Protect against impulse noise, bus short-circuit, strong lightening, accidental discharge of capacitors

Isolation Transformer Application

Isolation transformers have been developed for specialized applications. Some examples are:

• Microprocessor based machines protection from data loss and damage.
• Where equipment ground cannot be earthen
• When no current leakage is allowed in the equipment
• When protection is required against strong surges and high frequency line losses
• Pulse transformers: optimized for transmitting rectangular electrical pulses and provide electrical isolation for digital signals. These are used in computer networks.

What are the benefits of isolation transformers?

Some of its most important benefits are mentioned here :-

• The primary and secondary winding can be constructed as a step-up or step-down transformer to match the load in the electrical system
• Preventing the equipment from getting spikes and harmonics from the mains
• Safety. There will be no conductive connection between the live part of the circuit and earth. With the isolating transformer, there is no danger in touching the live while the body is earthed.
• By connecting the electrical system safety ground to the neutral conductor on the transformer secondary, it eliminates neutral-to-ground voltage and noise. This resolves reliability problems for microprocessor-based electronics.

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